Which methods can perfect a security interest in personal property under Article 9?

Which methods can perfect a security interest in personal property under Article 9?

• A. Filing a financing statement.
• B. Taking possession of the collateral.
• C. Attaching to the collateral.
• D. Both filing a financing statement and taking possession.

Answer: (D)

Perfection under Article 9 happens after attachment and requires a separate step to give notice or control. The ways to perfect are filing a financing statement, taking possession of the collateral, or, for certain types of property, obtaining control. Among the options, the methods that can perfect are filing a financing statement and taking possession. Filing provides public notice to third parties, while possession places actual control of the collateral with the secured party. Attaching to the collateral is the act of creating the security interest (attachment), not a perfection method, so it does not by itself perfect. Thus, the choice that acknowledges both valid perfection routes—filing or taking possession—is the best fit.

Perfection under Article 9 happens after attachment and requires a separate step to give notice or control. The ways to perfect are filing a financing statement, taking possession of the collateral, or, for certain types of property, obtaining control.

Among the options, the methods that can perfect are filing a financing statement and taking possession. Filing provides public notice to third parties, while possession places actual control of the collateral with the secured party. Attaching to the collateral is the act of creating the security interest (attachment), not a perfection method, so it does not by itself perfect.

Thus, the choice that acknowledges both valid perfection routes—filing or taking possession—is the best fit.